Content:
The native land of the peach is considered to be northern China (near Beijing). In Europe, namely Italy, the peach was planted in the middle of the first century. The fruit is thermophilic, therefore it is most often planted in the southern regions of Eurasia and America. Due to its hardiness and the highest resistance to frost, compared to apricot, peach is gradually gaining popularity among gardeners.
Exists several varieties of peach:
- The peaches are real. They have a soft fluff on the skin;
- Nectarines. The skin is smooth.
Fruits attract customers with their taste, aroma and size. When propagated by seeds, beautiful trees can be grown, the fruits will delight with their high yield, with inherited maternal traits.
The article will talk about all the characteristics of this type of peach and how to plant a peach, how to care for it.
Peach
Description of culture
Before tackling the creation of a peach garden, you need to study the information on how to plant a peach. After all, this culture is quite whimsical in its care. Gardeners for cultivation choose cultivated and horticultural varieties descended from "Persica vulgaris". Some trees reach 3-4 meters in height. Due to its root system, which does not go deeper into the ground more than 70 cm, the tree does not need watering in dry and hot weather.
The crown of the peach is wide and spreading, therefore, when planting, it is necessary to foresee a large area for the culture in advance so that neighboring trees do not interfere with each other.
The fruit tree needs cross-pollination, therefore, several varieties must be planted at once for a bountiful harvest. Fruits appear in the second year, fruiting with good care continues for twenty years.
Fruit weight reaches 150-200 grams
Fruit weight reaches 150-200 grams, color is white-yellow or yellow-orange. The color of the peel is white, pink, yellow with red "cheeks", red-carmine.
The pulp of this fruit is tender and fragrant, sweet-sour or honey-sweet taste. The advantages of peach lie not only in taste, but also in the fact that it has medicinal properties. It contains a large amount of vitamins, pectin, organic acids, as well as a complex of minerals: selenium, potassium, silicon, iron, magnesium, manganese and others. It helps to resist certain types of diseases.
The iodine contained in fruits normalizes the thyroid gland, which is responsible for immunity. In peach, not only juice and pulp are useful, but also seeds, they are used in the preparation of cosmetics and various medicines.
Peach juice is very healthy
Agrotechnics
Selection of seedlings
In order to guarantee a good survival rate of the peach, it is recommended to choose seedlings 1-2 years old. The height of the tree reaches up to 1.5 mestres, the trunk circumference is 1.5-2 cm.
If the trees are planned to be planted in the spring and immediately to a permanent place, then you can cut the roots. The side shoots are cut by 1/3, and the trunk is up to 90 centimeters.The day before planting, it is advisable to place the seedling in a container with a root.
In autumn, the roots are shortened, and the aerial part remains unchanged. In the case of purchasing seedlings 3-4 years old with well-developed leaf plates, it is better to remove them in order to avoid drying out of the trunk and side shoots.
Peach seedlings
How to plant a peach correctly
The soil for the culture can be different, but not saline or acidified. If the land on the territory of planting fruit trees is heavy, then it is saturated with nutrients. For example, you can add a couple of buckets of humus to the soil. If the soil is light, then one bucket of humus will be enough.
The planting pit is prepared 4-6 months before disembarkation. Landing pits, 80 * 60 * 40 in size, are arranged according to a 5 * 3 m pattern.A wooden peg is driven in the middle of the pit, up to 1.5 m long, you can also use a flat support, 1-2 cm wide.It is recommended to form drainage at the bottom of the pit , 10-15 cm high. It may include sand, gravel and other small materials. The drainage is prepared so that the liquid entering the plant does not stagnate, and the roots of the tree do not rot from high humidity.
When planting, the roots of the seedling are straightened and covered with soil, then filled with settled water. The root collar must be left 3-4 centimeters above the ground. 5-6 shafts are formed around the peach, after which a couple more buckets are poured. After all the moisture has been absorbed, the earth is mulched. The stem remains open.
Peach planting scheme
Peach-friendly regions
The fruit is sun-loving, feels good and gives a bountiful harvest in regions with warm weather conditions. At temperatures below 15 degrees C, the crown and roots of the tree freeze over.
Southern region of Russia
Peach seedlings are planted mainly in autumn, then by the time the cold weather sets in, the root system will have time to strengthen and will be completely ready to meet spring. To avoid the appearance of curly foliage, the blossoming foliage is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture or Zineb.
In order to avoid the appearance of curly foliage, the blossoming foliage is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture
If you plant a peach seedling in the southern region in the spring and do not protect it from the May and June sun, then there is a risk that the buds will be completely dried out. The bark and subcrustal layers will coarse and dry out. Therefore, in order to save the seedlings, it is necessary to use an airtight shelter, spray the peach with water, water the soil at least 2 times a week to maintain constant moisture.
Northern regions and middle lane
For a peach, planting and care in the middle lane is possible in the spring and autumn. The soil should warm up to +12, + 15 ° С. In the event that autumn came early and turned out to be cold, with abundant and prolonged precipitation, it is recommended to hold the seedlings and plant it better in spring.
In the northern regions, the peach is planted mainly only in the spring, when the ground warms up well and the weather returns to normal. Frost-resistant varieties have time to strengthen and tolerate winter well. In cold areas, the seedlings will need to be covered to prevent frostbite.
Peach shelter for the winter
Peach varieties
According to the ripening rate, peaches are divided into early, mid and late ripening. All three varieties are well grown in the southern region. In the middle lane and the northern region, early varieties are often used, less often medium ones.
For southern regions the following crop varieties are most suitable:
- Rossoshanskaya early ripening;
- Favorite;
- Kiev early;
- Reliable;
- Cardinal;
- Fluffy early and others;
Southern variety of peach "Cardinal"
AT winter-hardy varieties are grown in the middle lane, such as:
- Veteran;
- Kremlin large-fruited;
- Sunset;
- Fairy tale, etc.
Winter-hardy peach variety "Veteran"
Every year more and more new varieties of peach trees appear on the market.Therefore, choosing the right variety for the region where you plan to plant a peach will not be difficult.
Planting errors
When planting seedlings, many gardeners can make various mistakes. Even experienced farmers are not immune from this. Any oversight or inattention can lead to the death of seedlings, affect the yield, taste, and quality of the fruit.
To to avoid them, it is necessary to study the very mistakes that can occur during the procedure for planting seedlings:
- The pit for planting seedlings was not prepared in advance (4-6 months before planting). Usually this leads to a deepening of the root collar, as a result, the development of the seedling will be slowed down;
- Peach varieties are selected, regardless of the climatic conditions of the region in which they will be grown. The seedlings will freeze at the first severe frosts, there will be no harvest;
- The seedlings are more than 2 years old at the time of purchase. Such a tree will not take root well in a new place, respectively, growth will be slowed down, and the time for harvesting will not come soon.
Growing a peach requires constant heightened attention, it is important to know where and how to plant a peach tree. Only thanks to the care and proper maintenance of the garden, this culture will certainly delight with its intensive growth, abundant harvest and sweet fruits.
